Should we put race in Feminism?, Elma Akob speaks on intersectional feminism

In 2022, feminist and academic Elma Akob delivered a thought- provoking TEDx talk at the University of Pretoria where she dived into the complexities of feminism in the African context and the dangers of western feminism to African women. To explore this multifaceted topic, we spoke to Elma, one of the leading voices of African feminism.

What is your personal definition of feminism?

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Feminism is advocacy for the equality of sexes. It’s about ensuring that women have the same rights, opportunities and respect as men. However, my experience as a black African woman, has taught me that feminism should be about more than just sexes; it should include intersectionality, race and class as all of these contribute to the lived experiences of a woman and must be incorporated into the equality she seeks and is entitled to. Feminism cannot remain the single, universal “one- size-fits-all” mould it currently is.

What role do you think feminism has played in the development of our continent?

Feminism has played a dual role in Africa. On one hand, it has been instrumental in raising awareness about gender inequality, promoting women’s rights, and challenging oppressive and prejudiced structures like child marriages, [female genital mutilation], gender-based violence and so much more. The likes of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie have been instrumental in inspiring many African women to pursue higher education, careers, and leadership roles, contributing to social and economic development. Women are standing up for themselves and finding solace in ridding ourselves of our shared oppression. On the other hand, the importation of Western feminist ideals without adaptation to the African context has sometimes led to friction and resistance.

This friction can result from the perceived clash between individualistic feminist ideals and the communal “womanist” and “motherist” values that are deeply rooted in many African cultures. While feminism has catalysed growth, it also needs to evolve to be more inclusive and representative of African women and their unique struggles and perspectives.

Does the idea of intersectionality aid or detract from the feminist agenda?

The idea of intersectionality aids the feminist agenda by acknowledging that women’s experiences of oppression are not monolithic. Intersectionality recognises that factors such as race, class, and ethnicity intersect with gender to create unique experiences of discrimination and privilege. By considering these intersections, feminism can become more inclusive and effective in addressing the faced by different groups of women. However, it can also complicate the feminist agenda, requiring more nuanced approaches and a deeper understanding of the various dimensions of oppression that cannot be ignored in this conversation.

Do you think that race should matter in feminism?

Yes, race should be an integral part of feminism because the experiences of women are deeply influenced by their racial backgrounds. Ignoring race can lead to a one-size-fits-all approach that overlooks the specific challenges faced by women of colour. Feminism in its inception did not include black women. White women were fighting to “work”, while black women on the other hand were still trying to be recognised as human beings by their white oppressors (female and male), thus it cannot be ignored. Including race in feminism allows for a more comprehensive understanding of oppression and ensures that the movement addresses the needs of all women – not just those from privileged racial backgrounds. This inclusivity is essential for a truly equitable and effective feminist movement.

What is your take on feminism being labelled as “un-African”?

Feminism, traditionally defined in Western contexts, can indeed seem un-African because it often does not take into account the unique cultural, historical and social contexts of African women. However, the core principles of feminism – equality, empowerment and justice – are universal values that can be adapted to fit the African context. African societies have long had their own ways of recognising and empowering women, as seen in the historical roles of matriarchs and female leaders. Therefore, I believe feminism itself is not un- African, but it desperately needs to be redefined and contextualised to resonate with African values and experiences. If a woman decides to be a stay-at-home mother who does not work, and chooses to serve her husband through “traditional gender roles” others would see as oppressive, then this should be her choice. The feminist movements need to allow for choice.

How can feminism be used to better society –especially in Africa?

Adapt feminism to local contexts Develop a version of feminism that respects and incorporates African cultural values, communal living and the historical roles of women in society. This includes recognising and celebrating the contributions of women in traditional and modern contexts, both historically and currently. But first the intersectionality of race, class and ethnicity needs to be recognised alongside gender to ensure that all women, especially the most marginalised, benefit from feminist initiatives

Promote education and awareness

Raise awareness about gender equality and women’s rights through education and public campaigns that are accessible and relatable to people from diverse backgrounds. Access is so important, every feminist event I have attended has been filled with language “ignoring race can lead to a one-size-fits-all approach that overlooks the specific challenges faced by women of colour” and jargon that is so nuanced the everyday woman would struggle to understand. In our bid to strive for equality we have created exclusive clubs in fancy privileged areas that exclude the very same women we claim so righteously to represent.

Encourage male engagement

We must involve men in the conversation about gender equality, because the empowerment of women benefits the whole society. Thus, instead of preaching to the converted only, we must challenge men about their patriarchal norms and how detrimental such behaviours and mindsets are.

Foster a culture of love and respect

It might sound whimsical, but I truly do believe that love conquers all. When love is true and pure and kind, respect is not even questioned, it is the norm. Promote the values of love, respect and mutual support within families and communities, and recognise that they are fundamental to achieving true equality and empowerment for all women.

Original article appeared on the Sept/Oct 2024 GLAMOUR issue